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A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial tourist attraction where visitors can drive in their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals. The main attractions are frequently large animals from Sub-Saharan Africa such as giraffes, lions, rhinoceros, elephants, zebras, ostriches, and antelope. A safari park is larger than a zoo and smaller than game reserves. For example, African Lion Safari in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is . For comparison, Lake Nakuru in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, is , and a typical large game reserve is Tsavo East, also in Kenya, which encompasses . Safari parks often have other associated tourist attractions: golf courses, carnival rides, cafes/restaurants, miniature trains, and gift shops. ==History== The predecessor of safari parks is Africa U.S.A. Park (1953–1961) in Florida.〔Life, Vol.49, No.5, August 1, 1960, pp.1,30.〕 The first lion drive-through opened in 1963 in Tama Zoological Park in Tokyo. In double-glazed buses, visitors made a tour through a one-hectare enclosure with twelve African lions. The first drive-through safari park outside of Africa opened in 1966 at Longleat in Wiltshire, England.〔(The lions and loins of Longleat ) ''The Sunday Times'' Retrieved February 18, 2011〕 Longleat, Windsor, Woburn and arguably the whole concept of safari parks were the brainchild of Jimmy Chipperfield (1912–1990), former co-director of Chipperfield's Circus, although a similar concept is explored as a plot device in Angus Wilson's "Old Men at the Zoo" which was published five years before Chipperfield set up Longleat. Longleat's Marquess of Bath agreed Chipperfield's proposition to fence off of his vast Wiltshire estate to house 50 lions. Knowsley, the Earl of Derby's estate outside Liverpool, and the Duke of Bedford's Woburn estate in Bedfordshire both established their own safari parks with Chiperfield's partnership. Another circus family, the Smart Brothers, joined the safari park business by opening a park at Windsor for visitors from London. The former Windsor Safari Park was in Berkshire, England, but closed in 1992 and has since been made into a Legoland. There is also Chipperfield's "Scotland Safari Park" established on Baronet Sir John Muir's estate at Blair Drummond near Stirling, and the American-run "West Midland Safari and Leisure Park" near Birmingham. One park along with Jimmy Chipperfield at Lambton Castle in the North East England has closed. Between 1967 and 1974, Lion Country Safari, Inc. opened 6 animal parks, one near each of the following American cities: West Palm Beach, Florida; Los Angeles, California; Grand Prairie, Texas; Atlanta, Georgia; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Richmond, Virginia. The first park, in South Florida, is the only Lion Country Safari still in operation. Burgers' Zoo at Arnhem, Netherlands, opened a "safari park" in 1968 within a traditional zoo. In 1995, Burgers' Safari modified this to a walking safari with a board walk. Another safari park in the Netherlands is Safaripark Beekse Bergen. Most safari parks were established in a short period of ten years, between 1966 and 1975. *Europe * *Great Britain : Longleat (1966), Windsor (1969–1992), Woburn (1970), Blair Drummond (1970), Knowsley (1971), Lambton (''Lion Park'', 1972–1980), Bewdley (''West Midland Safari Park'', 1973) * *France : Thoiry (''Réserve Africaine'', 1968), Peaugres (''Safari de Peaugres'', 1974), Sigean (''Réserve africaine de Sigean'', 1974), Saint-Vrain (''Parc du Safari de Saint-Vrain'', 1975–1998), Obterre (''Haute Touche Zoological Park'', 1980) owned by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Port-Saint-Père (''Planète Sauvage'', 1992) * *Netherlands : Hilvarenbeek (''Safaripark Beekse Bergen'', 1968) * *Germany : Gelsenkirchen (''Löwenpark'', 1968–1989), Tüddern (''Löwen-Safari'',1968–1990), Stuckenbrock (''Hollywood und Safaripark'', 1969), Hodenhagen (''Serengeti Park'', 1974) * *Italy : Bussolengo (''Parco Natura Viva''), 1969), Fasano (''Zoosafari'', 1973), Pombia (''Safari Park'', 1976), Murazzano (''Parco Safari delle Langhe'', 1976), Ravenna (''Safari Ravenna'', 2012) * *Denmark : Givskud (''Løveparken'', 1969), Knuthenborg (Knuthenborg Safari Park, 1969) * *Sweden : Kolmården (''Safari Park'', 1972–2011), Smålandet (''Markaryds Älg & Bison Safari'',?) * *Austria : Gänserndorf (''Safaripark'', 1972–2004) * *Spain : Cabárceno (''Parque de la Naturaleza'', 1990) * *Portugal : Badoca Safari Park (Badoca Safari Park) * *Russia : Kudykina Gora (Кудыкина гора) *Americas * *United States * * *Florida : Loxahatchee (''Lion Country Safari'', 1967) * * *California : Escondido (''San Diego Zoo Safari Park'', formerly ''San Diego Wild Animal Park'', 1972) * * *Louisiana : Epps (''High Delta Safari Park'') * * *Maryland : Largo (''The Largo Wildlife Preserve'', 1973–1978, now the site of Six Flags America) * * *Nebraska : Ashland (''Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari'') * * *New Jersey: Jackson (''Great Adventure'', 1974, now the site of Six Flags Great Adventure & Wild Safari) * * *New Jersey: West Milford ("Warner Brothers Jungle Habitat", 1972-1976) * * *Texas : Grand Prairie (''Lion Country Safari'', 1971–1992), San Antonio (''Natural Bridge Wildlife Ranch'', 1984), Glen Rose (''Fossil Rim Wildlife Ranch'', 1984) * * *Oregon : Winston (''Wildlife Safari'', 1973) * * *Ohio : Port Clinton (''African Safari Wildlife Park'', 1973), Mason (''Lion Country Safari'' at Kings Island, 1974–1993) * * *Virginia : Doswell (''Lion Country Safari'' at Kings Dominion, 1974–1993), Natural Bridge((''Virginia Safari Park'' ), 2000) * * *Georgia : Pine Mountain (''Wild Animal Safari'', 1991) * *Canada * * *Ontario : Flamborough (''African Lion Safari'', 1969) * * *Quebec : Hemmingford (''Parc Safari Africain'', 1972) * * *Quebec : Montebello (''Parc Omega'') * *Mexico: * * * Puebla (''Africam Safari'', 1972) * * * Morelos (''Zoofari'', 1984) * *Guatemala : Escuintla (''Auto Safari Chapin'', 1980) * *Chile : Rancagua (''Safari Park Rancagua'', 2009) *Asia * * Bangladesh : Cox's Bazar (''Dulahazara Safari Park'', 1999) * * Israel : Ramat-Gan Safari(1974) * * Japan : Miyazaki (''Safari Park'', 1975), Usa (''Kyushu African Safari'', 1976), Mine (''Akiyoshidai Safari Land'', 1977), Tomioka (''Gunma Safari Park'', 1979), Susono (''Fuji Safari Park'', 1980), Himeji (''Central Park'', 1984) * * Philippines : Calauit (''Calauit Safari Park'', 1975), Olongapo (''Zoobic Safari'', 2003) * * Pakistan: Lahore (''Lahore Zoo Safari'', 2009, formerly ''Lahore Wildlife Park'', 1982) * * Thailand : Bangkok (''Safari World'', 1988) * * China : Shenzhen (''Safari Park'', 1993), Shanghai (''Wild Animal Park'', 1995), Qinhuangdao (''Qinhuangdao Wildlife Park'', 1995), Guangzhou (''Xiangjiang Safari Park'', 1997), Jinan (''Safari Park'', 1999), Badaling (''Safari World'', 2001) * * Indonesia : Taman Safari, with three locations in Bogor, Mount Arjuno and Bali (in Bali includes Marine Park) * * Malaysia : Malacca (''A'Famosa Animal World Safari''), Pahang ('' Bukit Gambang Safari Park'') * * Singapore : (''Night Safari, Singapore'') * * Taiwan : Xinzhu ''(Leofoo Safari Park)'' *Oceania * *Australia : Warragamba (''African Lion Safari'', 1968-1991) *Africa * *Egypt : Alexandria (''Africa Safari Park'', 2004) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「safari park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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